2nd quadrant Galactic SNRs

G93.3+6.9 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

DA 530, 4C(T)55.38.1

• Right Ascension: 20 52 25
• Declination: +55 21
• Size (/arcmin): 27×20
• Type: C?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 9
• Spectral Index: 0.45

Notes: Has been called G93.2+6.7.

Radio: Shell, with two bright limbs, highly polarised.

X-ray: Compact central source.

Distance: HI observations suggest 2.2 kpc.

References:

• Roger & Costain 1976, A&A, 51, 151. DRAO at 1.42 GHz (2'×2.'4: S=6.9 Jy). ADS
• Haslam et al. 1980, A&A, 92, 57. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.72 GHz (7.'6: S=6.47±0.52 Jy) and 2.7 GHz (4.'4: S=5.64±0.64 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Lalitha et al. 1984, A&A, 131, 196. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (smoothed to 3': S=4.01±0.57 Jy). ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Landecker et al. 1999, ApJ, 527, 866. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.'5×4.'3) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'2), including polarisation and HI. ADS
• Foster & Routledge 2003, ApJ, 598, 1005. HI for distance. ADS
• Kaplan et al. 2004, ApJS, 153, 269. Chandra limits for any compact source. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=10.5±0.7 Jy) and 1420 MHz, including review of flux densities. ADS
• Jiang et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 1142. Chandra observations. ADS
• Bocchino et al. 2008, AdSpR, 41, 407. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Jeong et al. 2012, Ap&SS, 342, 389. CO observations of region. ADS

Last updated: 28 Apr 2014

G93.7−0.2 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

CTB 104A, DA 551

• Right Ascension: 21 29 20
• Declination: +50 50
• Size (/arcmin): 80
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 65
• Spectral Index: 0.65

Notes: Has been called G93.6−0.2 and G93.7−0.3.

Radio: Distorted, faint shell.

Distance: Association with HI features suggests 1.5 kpc, optical extinction suggests 2.2 or 2.0 kpc.

References:

• Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5': S=18.4±1.0 Jy). ADS
• Mantovani et al. 1982, A&A, 105, 176. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.7 GHz (7.'6: S=53.5±5.0 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Landecker et al. 1985, AJ, 90, 1082. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (smoothed to 2': S=58±6 Jy). ADS
• Mantovani et al. 1991, A&A, 247, 545. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (smoothed to 3': S=33.5±4.0 Jy), including polarisation, plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Koralesky et al. 1998, AJ, 116, 1323. VLA search for OH emission. ADS
• Uyanıker et al. 2002, ApJ, 565, 1022. CGPS 1.4 GHz (49''×54''), including HI, and 408 MHz (2.'8×3.'7). ADS
• Uyanıker et al. 2003, ApJ, 585, 785. CGPS at 1.4 GHz (1') including polarisation. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=67±6 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=35±4 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=25.0±2.5 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G94.0+1.0 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

3C434.1

• Right Ascension: 21 24 50
• Declination: +51 53
• Size (/arcmin): 30×25
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 13
• Spectral Index: 0.45

Radio: Incomplete shell, containing HI shell.

X-ray: extended emission.

Distance: Association with stellar wind bubble implies 5.2 kpc, optical extinction suggests 2.5 kpc.

References:

• Willis 1973, A&A, 26, 237. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5': S=6.1±0.8 Jy), and 37-m at 1.7 GHz (S=11±3 Jy). ADS
• Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5': S=5.8±0.4 Jy). Also NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6'). ADS
• Mantovani et al. 1982, A&A, 105, 176. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.7 GHz (7.'6: S=12.0±1.3 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Goss et al. 1984, A&A, 138, 469. WSRT at 610 MHz (smoothed to 100'': S=16±1.7 Jy) and Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.'4: S=7.2±0.5 Jy). ADS
• Landecker et al. 1985, AJ, 90, 1082. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (smoothed to 2': S=16±3 Jy). ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Uyanıker et al. 2003, ApJ, 585, 785. CGPS at 1.4 GHz (1') including polarisation. ADS
• Foster et al. 2004, A&A, 417, 79. DRAO at 1.4 GHz, including HI. ADS
• Foster 2005, A&A, 441, 1043. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.'8×3.'6) and 1.4 GHz (0.'8×1.'0) for spectral index studies, plus other observations. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=20±2 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=11.3±1.0 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=6.2±0.4 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Jeong et al. 2012, Ap&SS, 342, 389. CO observations of region. ADS
• Jeong et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 105. CO observations of region. ADS
• Doroshenko et al. 2019, A&A, 631, A179. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G96.0+2.0 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 21 30 30
• Declination: +53 59
• Size (/arcmin): 26
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.35
• Spectral Index: 0.6

Radio: Faint, arc in S, poorly defined in N.

Distance: Association for HI indicates 4 kpc.

References:

• Kothes et al. 2005, A&A, 444, 871. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.'8×3.'5) and 1.4 GHz (50''×61'') including HI. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=0.42±0.06 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=0.24±0.02 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=0.14±0.02 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 24 May 2014

G106.3+2.7 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 22 27 30
• Declination: +60 50
• Size (/arcmin): 60×24
• Type: C?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 6
• Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Incorporates the pulsar wind nebula G106.6+2.9 (the `Boomerang').

Radio: Faint extended source, which brighter `head' to NE.

X-ray: Pulsar and wind nebula.

Point sources: Pulsar.

References:

• Pineault & Joncas 2000, AJ, 120, 3218. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.'5×3.'9: S=10.5±0.3 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'2: S=4.9±0.6 Jy), plus HI. ADS
• Halpern et al. 2001, ApJ, 547, 323. X-ray and radio observations of the `head'. ADS
• Halpern et al. 2001, ApJ, 552, L125. Pulsar detection. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2001, ApJ, 560, 236. CGPS at 1.4 GHz, including HI, plus CO and other observations. ADS
• Ng & Romani 2004, ApJ, 601, 479. Chandra detection of pulsar wind nebula. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2004, ApJ, 607, 855. HI polarisation absorption. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, ApJ, 638, 225. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.85 (2.'4), 8.35 (1.'4), 10.5 (1.'2) and 32 GHz (0.'45) of pulsar wind nebula, including polarisation. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=8.6±1.0 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=4.8±0.5 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Abdo et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, L91. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Casandjian & Grenier 2008, A&A, 489, 849. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Acciari et al. 2009, ApJ, 703, L6. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=2.0±0.3 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Xin et al. 2019, ApJ, 885, 162. Fermi observations. ADS
• Albert et al. 2020, ApJ, 896, L29. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Fujita et al. 2021, ApJ, 912, 133. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Tibet ASγ Collaboration: Amenomori et al. 2021, NatAs, 5, 460. High energy γ-ray observations. ADS
• Ge et al. 2021, The Innovation, 2, 100118. Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. ADS

Last updated: 16 Dec 2022

G107.0+9.0 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 22 01 00
• Declination: +66 30
• Size (/arcmin): 180?
• Type: ?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 11?
• Spectral Index: 0.9?

Radio: Faint extended emission.

Optical: Filaments.

References:

• Fesen et al. 2020, MNRAS, 498, 5194. Hα and [OIII] imaging. ADS
• Reich et al. 2021, A&A, 655, A10. Urumqi 25-m a 4.8 GHz (9.'5), Effelsberg 1.4-GHz (9.'4) including polarisation, and other observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G108.2−0.6 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 22 53 40
• Declination: +58 50
• Size (/arcmin): 70×54
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 8
• Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Faint shell.

Distance: Possible associated HI structures suggest 3.2 kpc, optical extinction suggests 1.0 kpc.

References:

• Tian et al. 2007, A&A, 465, 907. DRAO at 408 MHz (2.'8×3.'3: S=11.5±1.2 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'2: S=6.6±0.7 Jy) including HI. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G109.1−1.0 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

CTB 109

• Right Ascension: 23 01 35
• Declination: +58 53
• Size (/arcmin): 28
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 20
• Spectral Index: 0.45

Radio: Semicircular shell, with the Molecular cloud S152 is to the immediate W.

Optical: Faint optical filaments.

X-ray: Semicircular shell, with pulsar at W edge.

Point sources: Long period X-ray pulsar (magnetar).

Distance: Various observations imply 3.2 kpc, optical extinction suggests 2.8 kpc.

References:

• Hughes et al. 1981, ApJ, 246, L127. WSRT at 610 MHz (1': S=40±5 Jy) shows bad CLEAN artefacts. ADS
• Blair & Kirshner 1981, Nature, 291, 132. Optical spectra. ADS
• Downes 1983, MNRAS, 203, 695. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.'4: S=13.0±1.5 Jy). ADS
• Sofue et al. 1983, PASJ, 35, 447. NRO 45-m at 10.2 GHz (2.'7). ADS
• Hughes et al. 1984, ApJ, 283, 147. WSRT at 610 MHz (20'': S=26±3 Jy) 1.4 GHz (10''), DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1'×1.'2: S=16.8±2 Jy) and Algonquin 46-m at 6.5 GHz (4.'5: S=6.7±1 Jy). ADS
• Braun & Strom 1986, A&AS, 63, 345. WSRT HI observations. ADS
• Tatematsu et al. 1987, PASJ, 39, 755. NRO 45-m at 10 GHz (2.'7), plus polarisation. ADS
• Tatematsu et al. 1987, A&A, 184, 279. CO observations of the surroundings (2.'7). ADS
• Hanson et al. 1988, A&A, 195, 114. EXOSAT of pulsar. ADS
  also see: Hanson et al. 1988, A&A, 207, 204. Erratum. ADS
• Morini et al. 1988, ApJ, 333, 777. EXOSAT observations. ADS
• Koyama et al. 1989, PASJ, 41, 461. X-ray observations of pulsar. ADS
• Coe et al. 1989, MNRAS, 238, 649. IRAS observations of surroundings. ADS
• Green 1989, MNRAS, 238, 737. OH observations. ADS
• Tatematsu et al. 1990, ApJ, 351, 157. CO of surroundings, plus X-ray observations. ADS
• Davies & Coe 1991, MNRAS, 249, 313. Optical and IR observations near pulsar. ADS
• Fesen & Hurford 1995, AJ, 110, 747. Optical observations. ADS
• Hurford & Fesen 1995, MNRAS, 277, 549. ROSAT imaging. ADS
• Rho & Petre 1997, ApJ, 484, 828. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Parmar et al. 1998, A&A, 330, 175. X-ray observations. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Koralesky et al. 1998, AJ, 116, 1323. VLA search for OH emission. ADS
• Patel et al. 2001, ApJ, 563, L45. Chandra observations of pulsar. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2002, ApJ, 576, 169. CGPS at 1.4 GHz (59''×68''), including HI, plus CO observations. ADS
• Sasaki et al. 2004, ApJ, 617, 322. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Sasaki et al. 2006, ApJ, 642, L149. CO observations of surroundings, plus Chandra observations. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=26±3 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=17.4±1.2 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Tian et al. 2010, MNRAS, 404, L1. CGPS for HI absorption. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=9.8±0.5 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Kothes & Foster 2012, ApJ, 746, L4. HI and CO observations of region. ADS
• Castro et al. 2012, ApJ, 756, 88. Fermi observations. ADS
• Sasaki et al. 2013, A&A, 552, A45. Chandra observations of NE. ADS
• Tendulakar et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 31. Pulsar proper motion study. ADS
• Vogel et al. 2014, ApJ, 789, 75. NuSTAR observations of pulsar. ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• Nakano et al. 2017, PASJ, 69, 40. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Sánchez-Cruces et al. 2018, MNRAS, 473, 1705. Optical observations. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Millard et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 36. ISO far-IR spectroscopy. ADS

Last updated: 15 Dec 2022

G111.7−2.1 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

Cassiopeia A, 3C461

• Right Ascension: 23 23 26
• Declination: +58 48
• Size (/arcmin): 5
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2300
• Spectral Index: 0.77

Notes: Presumably the remnant of a late 17th century SN.

Radio: Bright shell with compact knots and extended plateau of emission; shows secular decline.

Optical: Fast knots and quasi-stationary flocculli, with many filaments at large radii, and NE `jet'.

X-ray: Incomplete shell, with hard spectral component.

Point sources: Central compact X-ray source.

Distance: Optical expansion gives 3.3 kpc.

References:

• Anderson & Rudnick 1995, ApJ, 441, 307. VLA at 1.4 GHz and 4.8 GHz, for proper motion studies. ADS
• Kassim et al. 1995, ApJ, 455, L59. VLA at 74 (25'') and 332 MHz (6''), including spectral index comparisons. ADS
• Anderson & Rudnick 1996, ApJ, 456, 234. VLA for spectral index comparisons. ADS
• Schwarz et al. 1997, A&AS, 123, 43. WSRT at 1.4 GHz (30'') for HI absorption. ADS
• O'Sullivan & Green 1999, MNRAS, 303, 575. Flux density changes at 13.5, 15.5 and 16.5 GHz. ADS
• Agüeros & Green 1999, MNRAS, 305, 957. 151 MHz observations for bulk expansion studies. ADS
• Gotthelf et al. 2001, ApJ, 552, L39. Chandra observations, showing outer shock. ADS
• Hwang et al. 2001, ApJ, 560, L175. Chandra observations of Doppler shifted lines. ADS
• Fesen et al. 2001, AJ, 122, 2644. HST observations. ADS
• Reynoso & Goss 2002, ApJ, 575, 871. VLA at 5 GHz (6.''0×6.''4) for H₂CO absorption studies. ADS
• Krause et al. 2005, Science, 308, 1604. Spitzer light echoes from surroundings. ADS
• Ennis et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 376. Spitzer observations. ADS
• Kang & Koo 2007, ApJS, 173, 85. SGPS of high velocity HI. ADS
• Rho et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, 271. Spitzer observations. ADS
• Rest et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, L81. SN light echo. ADS
• Krause et al. 2008, Science, 320, 1195. SN light echo spectrum. ADS
• Helmboldt & Kassim 2009, AJ, 138, 838. Low radio frequency temporal variations. ADS
• Barlow et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L138. Herschel observations. ADS
• Sibthorpe et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1553. Akari and sub-mm observations of region. ADS
• DeLaney et al. 2010, ApJ, 725, 2038. Spitzer and Chandra observations for 3-D structure. ADS
• Patnaude et al. 2011, ApJ, 729, L28. Chandra observations of fading. ADS
• Rest et al. 2011, ApJ, 732, 3. SN light echo observations. ADS
• Fesen et al. 2011, ApJ, 736, 109. HST variability studies. ADS
• Besel & Krause 2012, A&A, 541, L3. IR light echoes. ADS
• Vogt et al. 2012, ApJ, 750, 155. Spitzer light echoes. ADS
• Asgekar et al. 2013, A&A, 551, L11. LOFAR of carbon recombination lines. ADS
• Yang et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 44. Suzaku spectroscopy. ADS
• Rutherford et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 64. Chandra spectroscopy. ADS
• Milisavljevic & Fesen 2013, ApJ, 772, 134. Optical spectroscopy for 3-D structure. ADS
• Koo et al. 2013, Science, 342, 1346. IR spectroscopy. ADS
• DeLaney et al. 2014, ApJ, 785, 7. VLA plus Pie Town at 74 MHz (9'') and comparison with higher frequencies. ADS
• Arendt et al. 2014, ApJ, 786, 55. Spitzer and Herschel IR observations. ADS
• Patnaude & Fesen 2014, ApJ, 789, 138. Multi-epoch optical and X-ray observations. ADS
• Lee et al. 2014, ApJ, 789, 7. Spitzer and CO observations. ADS
• Vinyaikin 2014, ARep, 58, 626. Time evolution of radio emission. ADS
• Alarie et al. 2014, MNRAS, 441, 2996. Optical imaging/spectroscopy, including distance from expansion. ADS
• Grefenstette et al. 2014, Nature, 506, 339. NuSTAR ⁴⁴Ti observations. ADS
• Grefenstette et al. 2015, ApJ, 802, 15. NuSTAR observations. ADS
• Lee et al. 2015, ApJ, 808, 98. WISE, Spitzer and other IR observations. ADS
• Milisavljevic & Fesen 2015, Science, 347, 526. Near-IR observations. ADS
• Planck Collaboration: Arnaud et al. 2016, A&A, 586, A134. Planck flux densities at 7 frequencies between 30 and 353 GHz. ADS
• Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
• Fesen & Milisavljevic 2016, ApJ, 818, 17. HST [SIII] and [SII] observations. ADS
• Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
• Wang & Li 2016, ApJ, 825, 102. INTEGRAL observations. ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• Oonk et al. 2017, MNRAS, 465, 1066. LOFAR observations, including H and C lines, 33 to 78 MHz, including 69 MHz (9.''8×11.''2). ADS
• De Looze et al. 2017, MNRAS, 465, 3309. Spitzer and Herschel observations. ADS
• Trotter et al. 2017, MNRAS, 469, 1299. Time evolution of radio emission. ADS
• Grefenstette et al. 2017, ApJ, 834, 19. NuSTAR observations. ADS
• Sato et al. 2017, ApJ, 836, 225. Multi-epoch Chandra observations. ADS
• Lee et al. 2017, ApJ, 837, 118. IR observations. ADS
• Arias et al. 2018, A&A, 612, A110. LOFAR at 30 to 77 MHz (7''×17''). ADS
• Salas et al. 2018, MNRAS, 475, 2496. LOFAR C recombination lines as 43, 54, 148 and 340 MHz (70''). ADS
• Sato et al. 2018, ApJ, 853, 46. Chandra and NuSTAR observations. ADS
• Zhou et al. 2018, ApJ, 865, 6. CO observations. ADS
• Raymond et al. 2018, ApJ, 866, 128. IR observations. ADS
• Koo et al. 2018, ApJ, 866, 139. IR observations. ADS
  also see: Koo et al. 2020, ApJ, 896, 177. Erratum. ADS
• Chowdhury & Chengalur 2019, MNRAS, 486, 42. GMRT at 410 to 460 MHz for C recombination lines. ADS
• Weinberger et al. 2020, A&A, 638, A83. INTEGRAL observations. ADS
• Koo et al. 2020, NatAs, 4, 584. Near IR spectroscopy of surroundings. ADS
• Weil et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 116. Deep Hα of surroundings. ADS
• Mayer & Becker 2021, A&A, 651, A40. Multi-epoch Chandra observations for proper motion of compact source. ADS
• Domček et al. 2021, MNRAS, 502, 1026. Radio to IR spectral study. ADS

Last updated: 16 Dec 2022

G113.0+0.2 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 23 26 50
• Declination: +61 26
• Size (/arcmin): 40×17?
• Type: ?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 4
• Spectral Index: 0.5?

Radio: Elongated, extent not well defined.

Point sources: Contains old pulsar.

Distance: Association for HI indicates 3.1 kpc.

References:

• Kothes et al. 2005, A&A, 444, 871. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.'8×3.'1) and 1.4 GHz (49''×55'') including HI. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3') and 1420 MHz (~1'). ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=1.9±0.5 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 28 Apr 2017

G114.3+0.3 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 23 37 00
• Declination: +61 55
• Size (/arcmin): 90×55
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5.5
• Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Shell, with HII region S165 within the boundary of the remnant.

Optical: Faint emission in centre and to S.

Point sources: Pulsar near centre of remnant.

Distance: Association with HI and other features implies 0.7 kpc.

References:

• Reich & Braunsfurth 1981, A&A, 99, 17. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.'4: S=3.6 Jy) and S_1.4 GHz=4.4 Jy from 1.4 GHz survey data, plus HI from Maryland–Green Bank survey. ADS
• Kulkarni et al. 1993, Nature, 362, 135. Pulsar association. ADS
• Fürst et al. 1993, A&A, 276, 470. Pulsar association. ADS
• Becker et al. 1996, A&A, 306, 464. ROSAT of pulsar. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1997, AJ, 113, 767. Optical observations. ADS
• Reich 2002, in NSPS, p1. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz. ADS
• Mavromatakis et al. 2002, A&A, 383, 1011. Optical observations. ADS
• Yar-Uyanıker et al. 2004, ApJ, 616, 247. CGPS at 1.4 GHz (49''×55''), including HI (1.'0×1.'1). ADS
• Tian & Leahy 2006, ChJAA, 6, 543. CGPS at 408 MHz (3.'4×3.'9: S=12.0±6.0 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'1: S=9.8±0.8 Jy). ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 1420 MHz (~1': S=5.4±0.8 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=6.9±0.7 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 28 Apr 2014

G116.5+1.1 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 23 53 40
• Declination: +63 15
• Size (/arcmin): 80×60
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 10
• Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Distinct shell, with high polarisation.

Optical: Detected.

Distance: Association with HI features implies 1.6 kpc.

References:

• Reich & Braunsfurth 1981, A&A, 99, 17. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.'4: S=4.7±0.4 Jy) and S_1.4 GHz=8.0±0.8 Jy from 1.4 GHz survey data, plus HI from Maryland–Green Bank survey. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1997, AJ, 113, 767. Optical observations. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Yar-Uyanıker et al. 2004, ApJ, 616, 247. CGPS at 1.4 GHz (49''×55''), including HI (1.'0×1.'1). ADS
• Mavromatakis et al. 2005, A&A, 435, 141. Optical observations. ADS
• Tian & Leahy 2006, ChJAA, 6, 543. CGPS at 408 MHz (3.'4×3.'8: S=15.0±1.5 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'1: S=10.6±0. Jy). ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=12.5±1.6 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=10.3±0.70 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=5.7±0.6 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 28 Apr 2014

G116.9+0.2 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

CTB 1

• Right Ascension: 23 59 10
• Declination: +62 26
• Size (/arcmin): 34
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 8
• Spectral Index: 0.57

Notes: Has been called G117.3+0.1 and G116.9+0.1.

Radio: Incomplete shell.

Optical: Filaments on sky survey.

X-ray: Centrally brightened, with NE `breakout'.

Point sources: Pulsar outside rim to E, with radio tail.

Distance: Association with HI features implies 1.6 kpc, optical extinction suggests 4.3 kpc.

References:

• Willis 1973, A&A, 26, 237. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5': S=3.9±1.0 Jy), and 37-m at 1.7 GHz (S=5.5±2.0 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• van den Bergh et al. 1973, ApJS, 26, 19. Optical observations. ADS
• Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5': S=4.2±0.2 Jy). ADS
• Angerhofer et al. 1977, A&A, 55, 11. NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6.'8: S=3.0±0.3 Jy). ADS
• Dickel & Willis 1980, A&A, 85, 55. WSRT at 610 MHz (56''×64'') and 1.4 GHz (22''×25''). ADS
• Reich & Braunsfurth 1981, A&A, 99, 17. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.'4: S=4.8±0.4 Jy) and S_1.4 GHz=7.8±0.8 Jy from 1.4 GHz survey data, plus HI from Maryland–Green Bank survey. ADS
• Lozinskaya 1981, SvAL, 7, 17. Mean optical velocity. ADS
• Landecker et al. 1982, AJ, 87, 1379. DRAO at 1.42 GHz and HI (2'×2.'3: S=8.3±0.5 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
  also see: Landecker et al. 1983, AJ, 88, 877. Erratum. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1985, ApJ, 292, 29. Optical spectra. ADS
• Hailey & Craig 1994, ApJ, 434, 635. Optical spectroscopy. ADS
• Hailey & Craig 1995, ApJ, 455, L151. ROSAT of nearby pulsar. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1997, AJ, 113, 767. Optical observations. ADS
• Craig et al. 1997, ApJ, 488, 307. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Reich 2002, in NSPS, p1. Effelsberg 100-m at 10.6 GHz (69''), including polarisation. ADS
• Yar-Uyanıker et al. 2004, ApJ, 616, 247. CGPS at 1.4 GHz (49''×55''), including HI (1.'0×1.'1). ADS
• Lazendic & Slane 2006, ApJ, 647, 350. X-ray observations. ADS
• Tian & Leahy 2006, ChJAA, 6, 543. CGPS at 408 MHz (3.'4×3.'8: S=15.0±1.5 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'1: S=8.1±0.4 Jy). ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=10.5±0.8 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=7.0±0.8 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Pannuti et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 1787. ASCA and Chandra observations. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=3.6±0.4 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Clark et al. 2017, ApJ, 834, 106. Fermi pulsar detection. ADS
• Wu et al. 2018, ApJ, 854, 99. Radio detection of pulsar. ADS
• Zyuzin et al. 2018, MNRAS, 476, 2177. X-ray observations of pulsar. ADS
• Katsuragawa et al. 2018, PASJ, 70, 110. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Schinzel et al. 2019, ApJ, 876, L17. VLA observations of pulsar tail, and Fermi timings of pulsar. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Sett et al. 2021, A&A, 647, A183. Pulsar search. ADS

Last updated: 16 Dec 2022

G119.5+10.2 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

CTA 1

• Right Ascension: 00 06 40
• Declination: +72 45
• Size (/arcmin): 90?
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 36
• Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G119.5+10.3.

Radio: Incomplete shell, with `breakout' to NW.

Optical: Faint diffuse nebulosities.

X-ray: Centrally brightened.

Point sources: Central pulsar.

Distance: Associated HI shell indicates 1.4 kpc.

References:

• Sieber et al. 1979, A&A, 74, 361. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.'4: S=23.6±2.8 Jy). ADS
• Sieber et al. 1981, A&A, 103, 393. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz and 1.7 GHz (7.'6: S=31.6±2.5 Jy), and 151 MHz (4': S=62.6±6 Jy). ADS
• Fesen et al. 1981, ApJ, 247, 148. Optical, including spectra. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1983, ApJS, 51, 337. Deep [OIII] imagery. ADS
• Seward 1990, ApJS, 73, 781. Einstein observations. ADS
• Simonetti 1992, ApJ, 386, 170. VLA observations of background sources for rotation measure studies. ADS
• Pineault et al. 1993, AJ, 105, 1060. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1': S=34±4 Jy), plus HI and IRAS. ADS
• Seward et al. 1995, ApJ, 453, 284. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Slane et al. 1997, ApJ, 485, 221. ASCA and ROSAT observations. ADS
• Pineault et al. 1997, A&A, 324, 1152. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.'5) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0). ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Brazier et al. 1998, MNRAS, 295, 819. Studies of central, compact γ-ray source. ADS
• Mavromatakis et al. 2000, A&A, 353, 371. Optical imagery. ADS
• Roberts et al. 2001, ApJS, 133, 451. ASCA observations. ADS
• Reich 2002, in NSPS, p1. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.4 GHz (9.'4). ADS
• Slane et al. 2004, ApJ, 601, 1045. XMM-Newton observations of central source. ADS
• Halpern et al. 2004, ApJ, 612, 398. Chandra observations of central nebula, plus optical and radio limits for compact source. ADS
• Casandjian & Grenier 2008, A&A, 489, 849. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Abdo et al. 2008, Science, 322, 1218. Fermi detection of pulsar. ADS
• Lin et al. 2010, ApJ, 725, L1. XMM-Newton observations of pulsar. ADS
• Caraveo et al. 2010, ApJ, 725, L6. XMM-Newton observations of pulsar. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 535, A64. Urumqi 25-m at 4.8 GHz (9.'5: S=11.6±1.2 Jy) and Effelsberg 100-m at 2.6 GHz (4.'4: S=20.3±2.0 Jy) including polarisation. ADS
• Lin et al. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 2283. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Mignani et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 1354. Optical limits for pulsar. ADS
• Aliu et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 38. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Li et al. 2016, ApJ, 831, 19. Fermi observations of pulsar. ADS
• Ackermann et al. 2018, ApJS, 237, 32. Fermi observations. ADS

Last updated: 9 Apr 2019

G120.1+1.4 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

Tycho, 3C10, SN1572

• Right Ascension: 00 25 18
• Declination: +64 09
• Size (/arcmin): 8
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 50
• Spectral Index: 0.58

Notes: This is the remnant of the Tycho's SN of AD1572.

Radio: Shell, brightest to the NE.

Optical: Faint filaments/knots to the NNW, NE and E.

X-ray: Shell, brighter to the NE.

Point sources: Faint radio source near centre of the remnant, thought to be extragalactic.

Distance: HI observations suggest 2.3–3 kpc, optical proper motion and shock velocity gives 2.4 kpc.

References:

• Duin & Strom 1975, A&A, 39, 33. WSRT at 610 MHz (57''×64'') and 5 GHz (7''×8''). ADS
• Klein et al. 1979, A&A, 76, 120. Effelsberg 100-m at 10.7 GHz (1.'2: S=13.1±0.8 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Strom et al. 1982, MNRAS, 200, 473. WSRT at 1415 MHz (27''×31'') from 1971 and 1979, for expansion. ADS
• Dickel et al. 1982, ApJ, 257, 145. Comparison of radio, X-ray and optical observations. ADS
• Seward et al. 1983, ApJ, 266, 287. Einstein observations. ADS
• Tan & Gull 1985, MNRAS, 216, 949. Radio at 2.7 GHz (4'') from 1980 and 1983, and One-Mile Telescope at 1.4 GHz (23'') from 1965 and 1980, for expansion. ADS
• Albinson et al. 1986, MNRAS, 219, 427. HI observations. ADS
• Green & Gull 1987, MNRAS, 224, 1055. VLA HI absorption observations towards central radio source. ADS
• Wood et al. 1992, AJ, 103, 1338. VLA at 5 GHz (1.''5) polarisation studies. ADS
• Vancura et al. 1995, ApJ, 441, 680. X-ray spectra and ROSAT image. ADS
• Predehl & Schmitt 1995, A&A, 293, 889. ROSAT of dust scattered halo. ADS
• Schwarz et al. 1995, A&A, 299, 193. WSRT and Effelsberg 100-m at 1.4 GHz (50''), and VLA at 1.4 GHz (13''), for neutral hydrogen studies. ADS
• Hwang & Gotthelf 1997, ApJ, 475, 665. ASCA observations. ADS
• Reynoso et al. 1997, ApJ, 491, 816. VLA at 1.4 GHz (1.''4×1.''5) from 1984 and 1994 for expansion studies. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Reynoso et al. 1999, AJ, 117, 1827. VLA at 1.4 GHz (13''), for HI studies. ADS
• Katz-Stone et al. 2000, ApJ, 529, 453. VLA at 333 MHz and 1.4 GHz (7.''7×9.''5), for spectral index studies. ADS
• Hughes 2000, ApJ, 545, L53. ROSAT X-ray expansion. ADS
• Decourchelle et al. 2001, A&A, 365, L218. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Ghavamian et al. 2001, ApJ, 547, 995. Optical spectroscopy. ADS
• Douvion et al. 2001, A&A, 373, 281. ISO observations. ADS
• Lee et al. 2004, ApJ, 605, L113. Observations of molecular clouds in vicinity. ADS
• Warren et al. 2005, ApJ, 634, 376. Chandra observations. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=86±5 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=40.5±1.5 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Cassam-Chenaï et al. 2007, ApJ, 665, 315. Chandra observations. ADS
• Rest et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, L81. SN light echo. ADS
• Krause et al. 2008, Nature, 456, 617. SN light echo spectrum. ADS
• Hurley-Walker et al. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 365. Radio observations at 14 to 18 GHz. ADS
• Raymond et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 901. Hα spectroscopy. ADS
• Lee et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, L146. Hα observations. ADS
• Hayato et al. 2010, ApJ, 725, 894. Suzaku observations of expansion. ADS
• Ishihara et al. 2010, A&A, 521, L61. Akari observations. ADS
• Tian & Leahy 2011, ApJ, 729, L15. HI and CO observations. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=20.0±2.0 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Giordano et al. 2012, ApJ, 744, L2. Fermi observations. ADS
• Gomez et al. 2012, MNRAS, 420, 3557. Herschel IR dust observations. ADS
• Williams et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 129. Spitzer observations. ADS
• Wang & Li 2014, ApJ, 789, 123. INTEGRAL observations. ADS
• Troja et al. 2014, ApJ, 797, L6. Swift observations. ADS
• Miceli et al. 2015, ApJ, 805, 120. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Lu et al. 2015, ApJ, 805, 142. Chandra observations. ADS
• Katsuda et al. 2015, ApJ, 808, 49. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Tran et al. 2015, ApJ, 812, 101. Chandra observations. ADS
• Lopez et al. 2015, ApJ, 814, 132. NuSTAR observations. ADS
• Planck Collaboration: Arnaud et al. 2016, A&A, 586, A134. Planck flux densities at 5 frequencies between 30 and 143 GHz. ADS
• Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
• Williams et al. 2016, ApJ, 823, L32. Multi-epoch X-ray and radio observations for expansion. ADS
• Zhou et al. 2016, ApJ, 826, 34. CO observations. ADS
• Chen et al. 2017, A&A, 604, A13. CO observations. ADS
• Yamaguchi et al. 2017, ApJ, 834, 124. Suzaku observations of E rim. ADS
• Archambault et al. 2017, ApJ, 836, 23. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Sato & Hughes 2017, ApJ, 840, 112. Chandra and Suzaku observations. ADS
• Williams et al. 2017, ApJ, 842, 28. Multi-epoch Chandra observations for expansion studies. ADS
• Knežević et al. 2017, ApJ, 846, 167. Hα observations of NE. ADS
• Kerzendorf et al. 2018, MNRAS, 479, 5696. HST search for progenitor companion. ADS
• Vinyaikin et al. 2018, ARep, 62, 130. Time evolution of radio emission. ADS
• Arias et al. 2019, AJ, 158, 253. LOFAR at 58 (41'') and 143 MHz (6''). ADS
• Weinberger et al. 2020, A&A, 638, A83. INTEGRAL observations. ADS
• Matsuda et al. 2020, PASJ, 72, 85. Multi-epoch Chandra study. ADS
• Okuno et al. 2020, ApJ, 894, 50. Multi-epoch Chandra study. ADS
• Williams et al. 2020, ApJ, 898, L51. XMM-Newton spectroscopy. ADS
• Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density. ADS
• Millard et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 36. ISO far-IR spectroscopy. ADS
• Tanaka et al. 2021, ApJ, 906, L3. Multi-epoch Chandra observations for expansion. ADS

Last updated: 16 Dec 2022

G126.2+1.6 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 01 22 00
• Declination: +64 15
• Size (/arcmin): 70
• Type: S?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 6
• Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Poorly defined shell.

Optical: Filaments, mostly in W.

References:

• Reich et al. 1979, A&A, 78, L13. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.4 GHz (9': S=6.8±0.7 Jy) and 2.7 GHz (4.'4: S=3.9±0.4 Jy). ADS
• Blair et al. 1980, ApJ, 242, 592. Optical detection and spectra. ADS
• Rosado 1982, RMxAA, 5, 127. Optical spectra. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1983, ApJS, 51, 337. Deep [OIII] imagery. ADS
• Fürst et al. 1984, A&A, 133, 11. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.'4) and 4.8 GHz (2.'6). ADS
• Joncas et al. 1989, A&A, 219, 303. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.'5×3.'9: S=12±2.5 Jy) and part at 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'1), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Xilouris et al. 1993, A&A, 270, 393. Optical imaging. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Reich et al. 2003, A&A, 408, 961. Effelsberg 100-m at 863 MHz (14.'5: S=6.1±1.6 Jy). ADS
• Boumis et al. 2005, A&A, 443, 175. Optical observations. ADS
• Tian & Leahy 2006, A&A, 447, 205. CGPS at 408 MHz (3.'4×3.'8: S=9.7±3.9 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'1: S=6.7±2.1 Jy), plus other observations for spectral index studies. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=5.7±0.7 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=6.4±1.1 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Sun et al. 2007, A&A, 463, 993. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=2.6±0.6 Jy), including polarisation. ADS
  also see: Sun et al. 2007, A&A, 469, 1003. Erratum. ADS

Last updated: 20 Feb 2009

G127.1+0.5 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

R5

• Right Ascension: 01 28 20
• Declination: +63 10
• Size (/arcmin): 45
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 12
• Spectral Index: 0.45

Notes: Has been called G127.3+0.7.

Radio: Distinct shell, with bright central source.

Optical: Detected.

Point sources: Flat radio spectrum (extragalactic) source at centre of remnant.

Distance: 1.2–1.3 kpc if associated with NGC 559.

References:

• Caswell 1977, MNRAS, 181, 789. Half-Mile Telescope at 1.42 GHz (3.'5×3.'9), plus other observations of central source. ADS
• Pauls 1977, A&A, 59, L13. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.4 GHz (9': S=8±1 Jy). ADS
• Salter et al. 1978, A&A, 66, 77. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.'4), plus 5 and 8.7 GHz of the central source. ADS
• Reich et al. 1979, A&A, 78, L13. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.4 GHz (9': S=10.8±1.3 Jy). ADS
• Pauls et al. 1982, A&A, 112, 120. WSRT at 610 MHz (56''×62'') and HI absorption to the point source with the VLA. ADS
• Geldzahler & Shaffer 1982, ApJ, 260, L69. Observations of central source. ADS
• Fürst et al. 1984, A&A, 133, 11. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.'4) and 4.8 GHz (2.'6). ADS
• Goss & van Gorkom 1984, JApA, 5, 425. WSRT HI absorption of central source. ADS
• Joncas et al. 1989, A&A, 219, 303. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.'5×3.'9: S=17.9±2.0 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'13: S=10.1±0.8 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Xilouris et al. 1993, A&A, 270, 393. Optical imaging. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Reich et al. 2003, A&A, 408, 961. Effelsberg 100-m at 863 MHz (14.'5: S=14.6±0.8 Jy). ADS
• Kaplan et al. 2004, ApJS, 153, 269. Chandra limits for any compact sources. ADS
• Leahy & Tian 2006, A&A, 451, 251. CGPS at 408 MHz (3.'4×3.'8: S=17.1±1.7 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'2: S=10.0±0.8 Jy). ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=15.9±1.0 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=9.7±0.6 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Sun et al. 2007, A&A, 463, 993. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=6.3±0.7 Jy), including polarisation. ADS
  also see: Sun et al. 2007, A&A, 469, 1003. Erratum. ADS
• Zhou et al. 2014, ApJ, 791, 109. CO observations. ADS

Last updated: 5 May 2017

G130.7+3.1 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

3C58, SN1181

• Right Ascension: 02 05 41
• Declination: +64 49
• Size (/arcmin): 9×5
• Type: F
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 33
• Spectral Index: 0.07

Notes: This is the remnant of the SN of AD1181.

Radio: Filled-centre, highly polarised, with high frequency turnover.

Optical: Faint filaments.

X-ray: Centrally brightened, with faint jet.

Point sources: Central pulsar.

Distance: HI absorption indicates 2 kpc.

References:

• Green et al. 1975, A&A, 44, 187. Effelsberg 100-m at 15.0 GHz (58'': S=26.7±0.5 Jy). ADS
• Wilson & Weiler 1976, A&A, 49, 357. WSRT at 610 MHz (58''×64''), 1.4 GHz (24''×27'') and 5 GHz (7''×8''). ADS
• van den Bergh 1978, ApJ, 220, L9. Optical observations. ADS
• Becker et al. 1982, ApJ, 255, 557. X-ray observations. ADS
• Green & Gull 1982, Nature, 299, 606. HI absorption distance. ADS
• Fesen 1983, ApJ, 270, L53. Optical spectra. ADS
• Reynolds & Aller 1985, AJ, 90, 2312. VLA at 1.4 GHz (2'), for limits of shell. ADS
• Davelaar et al. 1986, ApJ, 300, L59. EXOSAT spectrum. ADS
• Green 1986, MNRAS, 218, 533. 151 MHz observations (1.'2×1.'3: S=36±4 Jy), plus 2.7 GHz (4''), plus Einstein observations for limit on shell. ADS
• Green 1987, MNRAS, 225, 11P. Flux density increase at 408 MHz. ADS
• Morsi & Reich 1987, A&AS, 69, 533. Effelsberg 100-m at 32 GHz (26.''5: S=24.2±1.4 Jy). ADS
• Reynolds & Aller 1988, ApJ, 327, 845. VLA at 1.4 (2.''4) and 4.9 GHz (2.''5). ADS
• Salter et al. 1989, ApJ, 338, 171. NRAO 12-m at 84.2 GHz (90'': S=15.0±2.0 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Asaoka & Koyama 1990, PASJ, 42, 625. Ginga X-ray spectrum. ADS
• Green & Scheuer 1992, MNRAS, 258, 833. IRAS upper limits. ADS
• Roberts et al. 1993, A&A, 274, 427. HI absorption. ADS
• Wallace et al. 1994, A&A, 286, 565. HI of surroundings. ADS
• Helfand et al. 1995, ApJ, 453, 741. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Torii et al. 2000, PASJ, 52, 875. ASCA observations. ADS
• Bietenholz et al. 2001, ApJ, 560, 772. VLA at 74 MHz (26'': S=33.6 Jy) and 327 MHz (8.''2: S=33.9 Jy), for spectral index and expansion studies. ADS
• Bocchino et al. 2001, A&A, 369, 1078. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Murray et al. 2002, ApJ, 568, 226. Chandra pulsar detection. ADS
• Camilo et al. 2002, ApJ, 571, L41. Pulsar detection in radio. ADS
• Reich 2002, in NSPS, p1. Effelsberg 100-m at 32 GHz (26'') for polarised intensity. ADS
• Slane et al. 2002, ApJ, 571, L45. Chandra observations. ADS
• Slane et al. 2004, ApJ, 616, 403. Deep Chandra imaging. ADS
• Bietenholz 2006, ApJ, 645, 1180. VLA at 1.4 GHz (1.''36) for expansion studies. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=32.2±2.0 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=31.9±1.0 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Gotthelf et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 267. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Slane et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, L33. Spitzer and other IR observations. ADS
• Fesen et al. 2008, ApJS, 174, 379. Optical observations for proper motion studies. ADS
• Shearer & Neustroev 2008, MNRAS, 390, 235. Optical observations of pulsar nebula. ADS
• Shibanov et al. 2008, A&A, 486, 273. Optical observations of pulsar nebula. ADS
• Abdo et al. 2009, ApJ, 699, L102. Fermi observations of pulsar. ADS
• Livingstone et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 1163. Pulsar observations. ADS
• Hurley-Walker et al. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 365. Radio observations at 14 to 18 GHz. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=31.7±3.0 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Bietenholz et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 2590. Proper motion study of pulsar. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2013, A&A, 560, A18. CGPS HI observations for distance. ADS
• Aleksić et al. 2014, A&A, 567, L8. γ-ray detection. ADS
• Planck Collaboration: Arnaud et al. 2016, A&A, 586, A134. Planck flux densities at 7 frequencies between 30 and 353 GHz. ADS
• Guest & Safi-Harb 2020, MNRAS, 498, 821. Chandra observations. ADS
• Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density. ADS
• Millard et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 36. ISO far-IR spectroscopy. ADS

Last updated: 15 Dec 2022

G132.7+1.3 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

HB3

• Right Ascension: 02 17 40
• Declination: +62 45
• Size (/arcmin): 80
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 45
• Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G132.4+2.2.

Radio: Faint shell, adjacent to W3/4/5 complex.

Optical: Complete, filamentary shell, shock excited spectra.

X-ray: Partial shell.

Point sources: Pulsar nearby.

Distance: Interaction with surroundings gives 2 kpc.

References:

• van den Bergh et al. 1973, ApJS, 26, 19. Optical observations. ADS
• Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5': S=33.8±7.0 Jy). ADS
• D'Odorico & Sabbadin 1977, A&AS, 28, 439. Optical spectra. ADS
• Read 1981, MNRAS, 194, 863. Radio at 151 MHz (4.'4) and 1.4 GHz (2') showing HI shell. ADS
• Lozinskaya 1981, SvAL, 7, 17. Mean optical velocity. ADS
• Fesen & Gull 1983, PASP, 95, 196. Optical image. ADS
• Leahy et al. 1985, ApJ, 294, 183. Einstein observations. ADS
• Landecker et al. 1987, AJ, 94, 111. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.'5×4': S=75±15 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Routledge et al. 1991, A&A, 247, 529. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'1) for HI, plus CO observations. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1995, AJ, 110, 2876. Optical imaging and spectroscopy, DRAO at 408 MHz (3.'5×4') and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'1). ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Koralesky et al. 1998, AJ, 116, 1323. VLA detection of compact OH emission. ADS
• Reich et al. 2003, A&A, 408, 961. Effelsberg 100-m at 863 MHz (14.'5: S=51.5±3.5 Jy). ADS
• Tian & Leahy 2005, A&A, 436, 187. CGPS at 408 MHz (3.'4×3.'8:) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'1), for spectral index studies. ADS
  also see: Tian & Leahy 2006, A&A, 451, 991. Erratum. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=61±9 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=29.4±2.7 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Lazendic & Slane 2006, ApJ, 647, 350. X-ray observations. ADS
• Green 2007, BASI, 35, 77. Review of radio spectrum. ADS
• Shi et al. 2008, A&A, 487, 601. Urumqi 25-m at 4.8 GHz (9.'5), plus other survey observations for spectral studies. ADS
• Casandjian & Grenier 2008, A&A, 489, 849. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• Katagiri et al. 2016, ApJ, 818, 114. Fermi observations. ADS
• Zhou et al. 2016, ApJ, 833, 4. CO observations of region. ADS
• Rho et al. 2021, ApJ, 917, 47. Spitzer and WISE H₂ plus CO observations. ADS

Last updated: 16 Dec 2022

G150.3+4.5 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 04 27 00
• Declination: +55 28
• Size (/arcmin): 180×150
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
• Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Faint radio shell.

References:

• Gao & Han 2014, A&A, 567, A59. Radio surveys at 1.4, 2.7 and 5 GHz (9.'4, 4.'3, 9.'5). ADS
• Ackermann et al. 2017, ApJ, 843, 139. Fermi observations. ADS
• Ackermann et al. 2018, ApJS, 237, 32. Fermi observations. ADS
• Devin et al. 2020, A&A, 643, A28. Fermi observations and ROSAT limit. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G152.4−2.1 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 04 07 50
• Declination: +49 11
• Size (/arcmin): 100×95
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3.5?
• Spectral Index: 0.7?

Radio: Bilateral shell.

Distance: Optical extinction suggests 0.6 kpc.

References:

• Foster et al. 2013, A&A, 549, A107. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz, including polarisation, plus various radio survey observations. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G156.2+5.7 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 04 58 40
• Declination: +51 50
• Size (/arcmin): 110
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5
• Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Faint shell, brighter in E and W.

Optical: Filamentary ring and smaller patchy ring.

X-ray: Faint shell.

Distance: Optical/X-ray observations imply >1.7 kpc, optical extinction suggests 0.7 kpc.

References:

• Pfeffermann et al. 1991, A&A, 246, L28. ROSAT detection. ADS
• Reich et al. 1992, A&A, 256, 214. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.4 (9': S=4.2±1.0 Jy) and 2.7 GHz (4.'3: S=3.0±1.0 Jy), plus HI and IRAS. ADS
• Yamauchi et al. 1993, PASJ, 45, 795. Hard X-ray observations. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Yamauchi et al. 1999, PASJ, 51, 13. ASCA observations of some regions. ADS
• Reich 2002, in NSPS, p1. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz, including polarisation. ADS
• Pannuti & Allen 2004, AdSpR, 33, 434. ASCA and RXTE observations. ADS
• Kaplan et al. 2006, ApJS, 163, 344. X-ray upper limit on compact sources. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=8.1±1.3 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Xu et al. 2007, A&A, 470, 969. Urumqi 25-m at 4.8 GHz (9.'5: S=2.5±0.5 Jy), including polarisation. ADS
• Gerardy & Fesen 2007, MNRAS, 376, 929. Optical observations. ADS
• Katsuda et al. 2009, PASJ, 61, S155. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Uchida et al. 2012, PASJ, 64, 61. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Katsuda et al. 2016, ApJ, 826, 108. Multi-epoch Hα observations for expansion. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Sett et al. 2021, A&A, 647, A183. Pulsar search. ADS

Last updated: 16 Dec 2022

G159.6+7.3 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 05 20 00
• Declination: +50 00
• Size (/arcmin): 240×180?
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
• Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Not detected.

Optical: Large, faint shell.

X-ray: Possible emission.

References:

• Fesen & Milisavljevic 2010, AJ, 140, 1163. Hα and ROSAT observations. ADS

Last updated: 8 Jun 2019

G160.9+2.6 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

HB9

• Right Ascension: 05 01 00
• Declination: +46 40
• Size (/arcmin): 140×120
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 110
• Spectral Index: 0.64

Notes: Has been called G160.5+2.8 and G160.4+2.8.

Radio: Large, filamentary shell.

Optical: Incomplete shell.

X-ray: Centrally brightened.

Point sources: Pulsar within boundary of the remnant, plus several nearby compact radio sources.

Distance: Various observations suggests less than 4 kpc, optical extinction suggests 0.5 kpc.

References:

• D'Odorico & Sabbadin 1977, A&AS, 28, 439. Optical spectra. ADS
• Damashek et al. 1978, ApJ, 225, L31. Pulsar. ADS
• Lozinskaya 1981, SvAL, 7, 17. Mean optical velocity. ADS
• Dwarakanath et al. 1982, JApA, 3, 207. Radio observations at 34.5 MHz (26'×40': S=750±150 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• van Gorkom et al. 1982, MNRAS, 198, 757. WSRT HI absorption to nearby point source. ADS
• Seaquist & Gilmore 1982, AJ, 87, 378. VLA observations of nearby source. ADS
• Leahy 1987, ApJ, 322, 917. Einstein observations. ADS
• Leahy & Roger 1991, AJ, 101, 1033. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.'5×4.'8) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'4), including HI and discussion of distance. ADS
• Yamauchi & Koyama 1993, PASJ, 45, 545. Hard X-ray observations. ADS
• Leahy & Aschenbach 1995, A&A, 293, 853. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Leahy et al. 1998, A&A, 339, 601. 232 MHz (3.'8×5.'2), 151 MHz (4.'2×5.'8) and Effelsberg 100-m at 4.7 GHz (2.'5) for spectral index studies. ADS
• Roger et al. 1999, A&AS, 137, 7. 22 MHz flux density (S=1130±340 Jy). ADS
• Reich et al. 2003, A&A, 408, 961. Effelsberg 100-m at 863 MHz (14.'5: S=91±3 Jy). ADS
• Fürst & Reich 2004, in MIM, p141. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.4 and 2.7 GHz (9.'3), including polarisation. ADS
• Kaplan et al. 2006, ApJS, 163, 344. X-ray upper limit on compact sources. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=102±7 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=54.0±2.9 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Leahy & Tian 2007, A&A, 461, 1013. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.'8×3.'9: S=117.8±5.3 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (58''×80'': S=65.9±3.4 Jy). ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=34±3 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Gosachinskii 2013, AstL, 39, 179. HI observations of region. ADS
• Araya et al. 2014, MNRAS, 444, 860. Fermi detection. ADS
• Sezer et al. 2019, MNRAS, 489, 4300. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Saito et al. 2020, PASJ, 72, 65. Suzaku observations. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G166.0+4.3 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

VRO 42.05.01

• Right Ascension: 05 26 30
• Declination: +42 56
• Size (/arcmin): 55×35
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 7
• Spectral Index: 0.37

Radio: Two arcs of strikingly different radii.

Optical: Nearly complete ring.

X-ray: Predominantly in SW.

Distance: HI indicates 4.5 kpc, optical extinction suggests 3.2 kpc.

References:

• van den Bergh et al. 1973, ApJS, 26, 19. Optical observations. ADS
• Willis 1973, A&A, 26, 237. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5': S=5.2±1.0 Jy). ADS
• Lozinskaya 1979, AuJPh, 32, 113. Hα interferometry. ADS
• Landecker et al. 1982, ApJ, 261, L41. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'4), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1983, ApJS, 51, 337. Deep [OIII] imagery. ADS
• Pineault et al. 1985, A&A, 151, 52. VLA at 1.4 GHz (16''×20'') of part of remnant, and optical observations. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1985, ApJ, 292, 29. Optical spectra. ADS
• Braun & Strom 1986, A&AS, 63, 345. WSRT HI Observations. ADS
• Pineault et al. 1987, ApJ, 315, 580. DRAO and VLA combined at 1.4 GHz (20''). ADS
• Landecker et al. 1989, MNRAS, 237, 277. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'4), including HI. ADS
• Burrows & Guo 1994, ApJ, 421, L19. ROSAT images and spectra. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Guo & Burrows 1997, ApJ, 480, L51. ASCA observations. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Leahy & Tian 2005, A&A, 440, 929. CGPS at 408 MHz (3.'4×5.'0) and 1.4 GHz (1.'0×1.'4), for spectral index studies. ADS
  also see: Tian & Leahy 2006, A&A, 451, 991. Erratum. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3': S=8.1±0.9 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1': S=5.1±0.4 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Bocchino et al. 2009, A&A, 498, 139. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=3.3±0.3 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Araya 2013, MNRAS, 434, 2202. Fermi observations. ADS
• Matsumura et al. 2017, PASJ, 69, 30. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Arias et al. 2019, A&A, 622, A6. LOFAR at 143 MHz (2.'5). ADS
• Arias et al. 2019, A&A, 627, A75. CO observations of region. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G178.2−4.2 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 05 25 05
• Declination: +28 11
• Size (/arcmin): 72×62
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2
• Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Faint shell, brighter in NE.

References:

• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 532, A144. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=1.0±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS

Last updated: 28 Apr 2017

G179.0+2.6 ADS: search fulltext or title/keyword/abstract

• Right Ascension: 05 53 40
• Declination: +31 05
• Size (/arcmin): 70
• Type: S?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 7
• Spectral Index: 0.4

Radio: Thick shell, with background extragalactic sources near centre.

Optical: Nearly complete shell.

Point sources: Pulsar near centre.

References:

• Fürst & Reich 1986, A&A, 154, 303. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.4 (9.'4), 2.7 (4.'3) and 4.75 GHz (2.'4). ADS
• Fürst et al. 1989, A&A, 223, 66. Observations of central, extragalactic source. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Reich 2002, in NSPS, p1. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.'5: S=3.2±0.3 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Jeong et al. 2012, Ap&SS, 342, 389. CO observations of region. ADS
• Pletsch et al. 2013, ApJ, 779, L11. Pulsar detection. ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• How et al. 2018, MNRAS, 478, 1987. Optical observations. ADS

Last updated: 8 Jun 2019

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